It’s simple to see bacteria and yeasts in just one way, without realizing that these microorganisms have many roles. While some bacteria can cause infections, others are essential for keeping us healthy.

Probiotics are live microorganisms, mainly bacteria and some yeasts, that may provide various health benefits. They are sometimes called “good” or “beneficial” microbes because they help maintain the balance of the gut ecosystem. The Mayo Clinic states that research suggests probiotics could be helpful, but it hasn’t been conclusively proven that they improve health or are safe for everyone. Although side effects from probiotic supplements appear to be rare, it’s advisable to consult a physician before using these products.

What are some common probiotics?

The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health states that the most common probiotics are bacteria from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Other probiotics include yeasts like Saccharomyces boulardii. These beneficial microbes are found in various foods, such as fermented dairy products like yogurt, kefir, and cheese, as well as other fermented foods including sauerkraut, kimchi, pickles, tempeh, miso, sourdough, salami, olives, and kombucha. Additional forms of probiotics are available as capsules and powders.

What are prebiotics?

The terms prebiotics and probiotics cannot be used interchangeably. Harvard Health states that prebiotics are ingredients in certain foods that the intestines cannot fully digest. One can think of prebiotics as the food that probiotics feed on. Prebiotics may also promote the growth of beneficial microbes in the digestive tract.

Potential probiotic benefits

Probiotics may support health through various mechanisms. They can restore gut microbe balance after a poor diet, illness, or antibiotic use. Probiotics help crowd out harmful pathogens in the gut. They may reduce “leaky gut” by supporting gut barrier integrity. Additionally, probiotics can help calm inflammation and strengthen the immune system.

Additional uses for probiotics

Probiotics are best known for their role in the digestive system, but they also come in topical forms or suppositories to target specific areas. Harvard Health states that vaginal probiotic supplements are very popular and are designed to support beneficial bacteria. Some common gynecological conditions are believed to result from an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. However, as of now, the benefits of such suppositories are unknown and should be discussed with a gynecologist before use.

Topical probiotics have shown beneficial effects in treating certain inflammatory conditions like acne, rosacea, psoriasis, and others, says the National Institute of Health. However, caution should still be exercised, and any new products should be discussed with a doctor.

Probiotics are a natural option that many people consider when looking to improve their health. It’s important to talk with healthcare providers about how effective probiotics are and whether they are safe and suitable for specific needs.