About 53.2 million adults in the United States have been diagnosed with arthritis by a doctor. However, many more suffer silently without a diagnosis. Globally, nearly 300 million people may live with different types of arthritis. Understanding what causes arthritis can help people receive the right treatment. Here are the main types of arthritis and their causes.

  • Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, according to the Cleveland Clinic. It occurs when wear and tear on cartilage causes it to break down over time. Aging, repetitive movements, or previous joint injuries can lead to osteoarthritis. 
  • Gout. Gout is a metabolic condition caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. The Mayo Clinic explains that this occurs when the kidneys can’t filter uric acid effectively or when the body produces too much uric acid. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and tenderness in the joints, often in the big toe. 
  • Autoimmune: Some types of arthritis are autoimmune, meaning the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints; this occurs in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, according to Penn Medicine. 
  • Infection or injury: Sometimes viral or bacterial infections, or acute joint injuries, can trigger arthritis, says the Cleveland Clinic.  

The risk of developing arthritis rises as joints age and undergo wear and tear, making older adults more vulnerable. Carrying extra weight puts additional pressure on joints like the knees, so overweight individuals are more likely to get arthritis. Genetics can also make a person more prone to diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, and women are more often affected by it.

There are various treatments for arthritis, and anyone experiencing pain can work with a doctor to make lifestyle changes that can reduce symptoms and help them live more fulfilling lives.