Human beings are wired for social connection, but millions of people confront isolation every day. Many of those people are seniors who lose touch with loved ones over time. While temporary loneliness can be tolerated, prolonged isolation can be very harmful.

Research by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine found roughly one-quarter of American adults age 65 and older live in isolation. Identifying the early warning signs of isolation may help to prevent the physiological and psychological toll isolation can take.

Here are some signs of social isolation to watch for.

  • Withdrawal from events: An early indicator of social isolation, according to Healthline, is a pattern of canceling plans, not answering phone calls, and withdrawing from established social circles or hobbies. 
  • Self-care is not prioritized: Another sign of social isolation is that personal hygiene and other self-care habits, such as eating nutritious meals, are neglected. It can signal that a person’s routine has changed due to a lack of social accountability. 
  • Home upkeep falters: A person withdrawing from social connections may feel it’s no longer necessary to keep the home clean and tidy, since they don’t expect visitors.  
  • Irritability and low mood: Persistent isolation can trigger a sense of hopelessness. Individuals may become defensive or experience dramatic shifts in mood and sleep patterns, according to Healthline. 
  • Reliance on social media or television: Socially isolated individuals may turn to television or non-interactive social media scrolling as a proxy for human interaction, according to HealthDirect.
     

Social isolation can take its toll on anyone, particularly seniors. Individuals are urged to check in with friends, family, or neighbors they suspect may be isolating to provide the companionship and help they may need.