Nursing is a wise career choice for people looking for a challenging, rewarding profession. Significant nursing shortages continue to pose a challenge within the healthcare industry, as the United States is expected to have a deficit of around 295,800 nurses by the end of 2025.

Nurses work in many different facilities and can focus on many specialties. Nurses may be categorized by their levels of education, each with a different scope of practice and responsibility. Those considering nursing as a career, or patients preparing to see a nursing provider for care, can explore these types of nurses.

Licensed practical nurse (LPN).

LPNs are healthcare professionals responsible for basic patient care and comfort. They typically are a patient’s primary point of contact and relay information to the rest of the care team. One can think of LPNs as entry-level nurses, although their responsibilities are no less important than those of other medical professionals. LPNs typically work under others’ direct supervision and assist patients with eating, dressing, and bathing. LPNs also take vital signs and administer medications. The American Nursing Association says becoming an LPN or a licensed vocational nurse requires a high school diploma or GED, a vocational training course, and a passing grade on the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses.

Registered nurse (RN).

RNs require a higher level of education than LPNs, and they can provide more complex and comprehensive care for patients. RNs often handle a broader range of patient services and assume more responsibilities than LPNs. The ANA says two college degree paths available to aspiring RNs are an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) and a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). A BSN requires a greater financial commitment, and a four-year undergraduate program takes time to complete. Many employers zero in on candidates with a BSN.

Nurses who have advanced degrees are called Advanced Practice Registered Nurses. They have specialized training beyond that of a typical registered nurse and have broader scopes of practice. They may work with greater autonomy in certain specialties.

Certified nurse practitioner (CNP).

A CNP is a health partner of choice for many people. The American Association of Nurse Practitioners® says CNPs are clinicians who blend clinical expertise in diagnosing and treating health conditions with an emphasis on disease prevention and health management. Advanced education, like a master’s or doctoral degree, is required to become a CNP. He or she is able to prescribe medications, order diagnostic tests, and manage chronic conditions.

Certified nurse-midwife (CNM).

CNMs provide gynecological and low-risk obstetrical care. These advanced practice registered nurses focus their study and practices on gynecology, family planning, prenatal, labor, and postpartum care. In addition to an advanced degree, CNMs must complete an accredited midwifery education program and pass a national certification exam.

Certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA).

CRNAs have specialized training in anesthesia. The Cleveland Clinic notes CRNAs can administer anesthesia for procedures and surgeries. These professionals work with surgeons, anesthesiologists, dentists, podiatrists, and other providers. CRNAs are often the sole anesthesia providers in hospitals in rural areas and in the U.S. armed forces.

Nursing is an extensive field with many opportunities for individuals to find their niche.