A woman’s reproductive system contributes half of the genetic material to create a child, and then has the unique ability to provide the optimal environment for that child to grow. The gynecological system is a remarkable component of the body, but is, unfortunately, susceptible to the formation of cancer.
Gynecologic cancers begin in a woman’s reproductive organs. According to Yale Medicine, cancer can affect the cervix, ovaries, uterus and endometrium, vagina and vulva, and fallopian tubes. There is only one screening test for gynecologic cancers. Women are urged to have a Pap test at regular intervals indicated by their doctors to detect cervical cancer early when treatment can be most effective. Other gynecologic cancers are only detected through the presence of symptoms, including abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, pelvic pain, urgent or frequent urination, and constipation.
Among gynecologic cancers, uterine (endometrial) cancer is the most common, according to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). More than 49,500 Americans are diagnosed each year, and it tends to develop after menopause. Ovarian cancer is the second most common, affecting about one in 70 women in the United States. Cervical cancer used to be the most serious of cancers for women, according to MSKCC, but with screening, most people diagnosed can now be cured.
Yale Medicine states that factors that increase a woman’s risk for developing gynecologic cancer include contraction of the human papillomavirus, genetics, being over age 50, and exposure to diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic form of estrogen used between 1940 and 1971.
Imaging tests, screenings, conversations with doctors, and body change awareness can help detect gynecologic cancers early. Identifying risks and seeking help as early as possible can make gynecologic cancers much more treatable.
