Courtesy of Gastroenterology Associates LLC

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects the digestive system, causing uncomfortable symptoms that can adversely affect quality of life. Unlike other digestive disorders like Crohn’s disease, IBS does not cause tissue damage in the gastrointestinal tract, says Elizabeth Gregory, MD of Gastroenterology Associates LLP. Instead, it’s a chronic condition most people can manage with medication and lifestyle changes.

Symptoms of IBS.

According to the American College of Gastroenterology, IBS affects 4% to 10% of the U.S. population. Bloating, gas, and abdominal pain are the most common symptoms. IBS can cause changes in bowel movements that include diarrhea, constipation, or both, depending on which type of IBS a person has. Mucus also may be present in the stool of people with IBS.

“Some other symptoms of IBS include a feeling of incomplete bowel movements, fatigue, and difficulty sleeping. Individuals may also experience nausea, heartburn, and a sensation of urgency to use the bathroom. As IBS is a disorder of the brain-gut interaction, emotional distress, such as anxiety and depression, can also be related to IBS, further complicating its management,” says Dr. Gregory.

What causes IBS?

Doctors are not sure what causes this neuro-gastrointestinal disorder, which involves a gut-brain interaction. “A person with IBS has problems with how their gut and brain coordinate to help the digestive system work properly,” says Dr. Gregory. Researchers report that people with IBS have problems with dysmotility (how their GI muscles contract and move food through the intestines). Also, they may have extra-sensitive nerves along the GI tract, causing extreme sensitivity to abdominal pain and discomfort. The National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney Disease (NIDDK) says certain problems are more common in IBS patients. These include stressful or difficult early life events, certain mental disorders, bacterial infections of the GI tract, overgrowth of small intestinal bacteria, and food intolerances or sensitivities. Genetics may also make some people more likely to develop IBS. Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with IBS than men.

How is IBS diagnosed?

Doctors may order blood and stool tests, and a hydrogen breath test to check for IBS and rule out other conditions that may be contributing to symptoms. Imaging tests can also rule out conditions involving inflammation or abnormal growths in the GI system.

Managing IBS.

While there is no cure, doctors can help IBS patients manage their symptoms. Changes in diet often help, including avoiding gas-causing foods and dairy. IBS patients also tend to be more sensitive to gluten. A low FODMAP diet, which reduces the amount of hard-to-digest carbohydrates, may also be helpful. Medications to treat stool issues and intestinal spasms may be prescribed. Antidepressant medications may help treat visceral hypersensitivity.

IBS can adversely affect daily living and overall well-being. Consultation with a gastroenterologist to discuss diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle changes may benefit those experiencing symptoms of IBS. If you have symptoms, and would like to make an appointment at Gastroenterology Associates in Williamsville, Wheatfield, or Orchard Park, visit www.gastrowny.com.