Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of small clusters of immune cells called granulomas in various organs of the body. These granulomas can interfere with normal organ function. The cause of sarcoidosis is not entirely understood, but it is believed to result from an overactive immune response to an unknown trigger, possibly infections, environmental factors, or genetic predisposition.

Sarcoidosis commonly affects the following organs:

  • Lungs (most common) – leading to persistent cough, shortness of breath
  • Lymph nodes – especially in the chest
  • Skin – causing rashes, nodules, or discoloration
  • Eyes – leading to redness, pain, or vision problems
  • Heart – potentially causing arrhythmias or heart failure
  • Nervous system – rare, but can lead to neurological symptoms

Symptoms of the disease include fatigue, fever, weight loss, joint pain, shortness of breath, persistent cough, and skin lesions or rashes. Fortunately, most symptoms of sarcoidosis resolve on their own. However, if you have prolonged symptoms of sarcoidosis, it is crucial to seek medical attention. Early intervention can help manage the symptoms and prevent chronic inflammation and permanent organ damage. A health care provider will typically start with diagnostic tests, such as chest X-rays, CT scans, blood tests, and possibly a biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of organ involvement.

Treatment may be necessary if symptoms are severe or if organ function is at risk. This could include corticosteroids like prednisone or other immunosuppressive medications to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms. Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.

By managing sarcoidosis proactively, you can reduce the risk of complications such as pulmonary fibrosis, severe arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, glaucoma, blindness, and debilitating neurological conditions.

April is National Sarcoidosis Awareness Month. Learn more at stopsarcoidosis.org.