A preterm birth is defined as a baby born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The World Health Organization indicates sub-categories of preterm birth include very preterm (28 to less than 32 weeks) and extremely preterm (less than 28 weeks). There were 380,548 preterm births in the U.S. in 2022, representing 10.4% of live births.

Premature babies may have health problems that continue into adulthood. With such a considerable percentage of children never making it to full term, prospective parents may wonder if there is anything they can do to prevent premature birth? Women with a short or weak cervix or fibroids may be more prone to premature labor. Lifestyle choices and hereditary can also be a factor. There are steps women can take to reduce the risk for preterm birth.

  • Space out pregnancies. The odds of preterm labor increase when there are 6 months or less between a birth and an ensuing pregnancy. Doctors recommend waiting at least 12 months between pregnancies.
  • Address health issues. Diabetes, high blood pressure, and preeclampsia can cause problems during pregnancy that may lead to preterm labor. Additionally, sexually transmitted diseases and infections of the uterus, urinary tract, or vagina can affect the length of gestation.
  • Get prenatal care. Women who do not receive adequate prenatal care from the start of their pregnancies may be at risk of having a premature baby.
  • Reduce the amount of stress. Elevated stress levels can increase the chances of having a preterm birth.

It is important that pregnant women quit smoking, using street drugs, abusing prescription drugs, and drinking alcohol, as these behaviors are also linked to preterm birth.

There are many risk factors for preterm birth, but women can take steps to lower that risk.