By Jenna Van Dusen, D.O., Buffalo Medical Group Primary Care

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and strength, making bones more fragile and prone to fractures. It develops gradually and often progresses without noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs.

Signs and Symptoms.

Osteoporosis is often called a “silent disease” because many individuals do not experience symptoms in the early stages. Additionally, since symptoms may appear only after significant bone loss, early detection can be challenging. However, after the condition advances, signs may include: 

  • Frequent fractures, especially in the hip, wrist, or spine 
  • Loss of height over time 
  • A stooped posture or curvature of the spine (kyphosis) 
  • Back pain, often caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra 

Who Is Most Affected?

 Osteoporosis can affect anyone, but certain groups are at higher risk. It is most commonly seen in older adults, particularly women after menopause, due to decreased estrogen levels, which play a key role in maintaining bone density. Postmenopausal women are therefore the largest affected group. Men can also develop osteoporosis, especially after age 70, though they are generally at lower risk than women. Additional risk factors include: 

  • Family history of osteoporosis 
  • Low body weight or small frame 
  • Sedentary lifestyle 
  • Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption 
  • Poor nutrition, particularly low calcium and vitamin D intake 

Diagnosis.

Osteoporosis is typically diagnosed through a bone density test, most commonly a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) scan. This simple, noninvasive test measures bone mineral density and compares it to that of a healthy young adult. Doctors may also use medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to rule out secondary causes of bone loss. A risk assessment tool may be used to estimate a patient’s probability of fractures.

Treatment Options.

Although osteoporosis cannot be completely cured, various treatments can help slow bone loss, strengthen bones, and reduce fracture risk. Treatment plans often include: 

  • Lifestyle changes: Regular weight-bearing exercise, quitting smoking, and reducing alcohol intake 
  • Dietary improvements: Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake through diet or supplements 
  • Medications: Bisphosphonates such as alendronate and risedronate help slow bone breakdown, as do hormone-related therapies such as estrogen or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Bone-building medications like teriparatide can also be used for severe cases. 
  • Fall Prevention Strategies: Home safety modifications and balance training.  

Osteoporosis is a significant health concern, particularly among aging populations. Early detection, preventive measures, and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce complications and improve quality of life.

Buffalo Medical Group Primary Care is accepting new patients at all locations. Call 716-656-4471 to schedule an appointment.